Tuberculosis: new vaccines could prevent 7.3 million deaths

New tuberculosis vaccines expected to be available starting in 2029 could prevent up to 7.3 million deaths between 2030 and 2050, according to an analysis published on September 14 by Gavi. For Africa, which accounted for 25% of global cases in 2024, the health stakes are significant.

The Vaccine Alliance estimates that their deployment could also generate up to $135 billion in economic benefits in low- and middle-income countries. Demand could reach an average of 85 million vaccination courses per year, with a likely peak during the initial years of availability.

The first candidates are expected by 2029, pending regulatory approvals. Currently, the BCG vaccine remains the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis. It primarily protects infants and young children from severe forms of the disease, but its effectiveness diminishes over time.

The burden of the disease remains particularly high on the continent. The World Health Organization estimates that Africa recorded approximately 2.62 million cases in 2024, accounting for a quarter of the global total. The region also concentrated 69% of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection cases.

However, the availability of the new vaccines will depend on manufacturers’ and funders’ ability to secure sufficient volumes and affordable prices. This issue aligns with ongoing efforts to develop vaccine production and access in Africa.

Gavi reports that 10.7 million people contracted tuberculosis worldwide in 2024, with 1.2 million succumbing to the disease. Countries supported by the alliance accounted for approximately 77% of these deaths.